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What prevents phagocytic activity?
The capsule prevents phagocytic activity.
What is the capsule made up of?
The capsule is made up of polysaccharides (sugar).
What reaction indicates the presence of an antigen?
The positive quelling reaction indicates the presence of an antigen.
What allows bacteria to survive in unfavorable environments?
Spores allow bacteria to survive in unfavorable environments.
What structure provides motility to bacteria?
Flagella provide motility to bacteria.
What advantage do flagella give bacteria?
Flagella give bacteria a survival advantage in host-parasite interaction.
What type of microscope can detect flagella?
Phase contrast microscope can detect flagella.
Name another type of microscope that can detect flagella.
Electron microscope can detect flagella.
What is a third type of microscope that can detect flagella?
Darkfield microscope can detect flagella.
What is a monotrichous flagellum?
A monotrichous flagellum is a single flagellum.
What is an amphitrichous flagellum?
An amphitrichous flagellum is a single flagellum at both ends.
What characterizes a lophotrichous flagellum?
A lophotrichous flagellum has a group of flagella at one or both sides.
What is a peritrichous flagellum?
A peritrichous flagellum has a group of flagella all over the cell wall.
What is the function of pili?
Pili are hair-like structures for attachment onto tissue surfaces.
What may pili serve as?
Pili may serve as receptor sites for bacterial viruses.
What is considered the ultimate parasite in the body?
Virus is considered the ultimate parasite in the body.
What is the role of the capsule in bacteria?
The capsule prevents phagocytic activity.
What is the composition of the capsule?
The capsule is made of polysaccharides.
What does a positive quelling reaction signify?
It signifies the presence of an antigen.
How do spores help bacteria?
Spores help bacteria survive in unfavorable environments.
What is the function of flagella?
Flagella provide motility to bacteria.
What is the significance of motility in bacteria?
Motility gives bacteria a survival advantage in host-parasite interactions.
Which microscope uses phase contrast?
Phase contrast microscope uses phase contrast.
What type of microscope uses electron beams?
Electron microscope uses electron beams.
What type of microscope uses darkfield illumination?
Darkfield microscope uses darkfield illumination.
What is a characteristic of a monotrichous flagellum?
A monotrichous flagellum has one single flagellum.
What does amphitrichous mean?
Amphitrichous means having a single flagellum at both ends.
What does lophotrichous refer to?
Lophotrichous refers to a group of flagella at one or both sides.
What does peritrichous mean?
Peritrichous means having flagella all over the cell wall.
What is the purpose of pili in bacteria?
Pili help in attachment to tissue surfaces.
What do pili serve as for viruses?
Pili serve as receptor sites for viruses.
What is the ultimate parasite mentioned?
The ultimate parasite mentioned is a virus.
What is the structural role of the capsule?
The capsule provides structural protection against phagocytosis.
What type of reaction is the positive quelling reaction?
It is an immunological reaction indicating antigen presence.
What do spores allow bacteria to do?
Spores allow bacteria to endure harsh conditions.
What is the significance of flagella in bacteria?
Flagella are significant for movement and survival.
What is a common feature of flagella?
Flagella can extend from one end or both ends.
What microscope can be used to observe flagella?
Phase contrast microscope can be used to observe flagella.
What is the function of a darkfield microscope?
A darkfield microscope enhances contrast in unstained samples.
What is the role of a flagellum in bacteria?
A flagellum aids in bacterial motility.
What does a group of flagella at one side indicate?
It indicates a lophotrichous arrangement.
What is the role of pili in viral infections?
Pili act as receptors for viruses.
What does the term 'capsule' refer to?
The capsule refers to a protective layer around bacteria.
What are polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides are sugars that make up the capsule.
What does the positive quelling reaction test for?
It tests for the presence of specific antigens.
What is the survival mechanism of spores?
Spores allow bacteria to withstand adverse conditions.
What is the significance of motility in host interactions?
Motility is crucial for bacteria to interact with hosts.
What is the structure of a flagellum?
A flagellum is a hair-like structure.
What is the function of a microscope in studying bacteria?
A microscope helps visualize bacterial structures.
What does a peritrichous arrangement imply?
It implies flagella are distributed all over the cell.
What is the role of the capsule in bacterial defense?
The capsule protects bacteria from immune responses.
What do pili facilitate in bacterial cells?
Pili facilitate adherence to surfaces.
What is the primary function of flagella?
The primary function of flagella is movement.
What type of flagellar arrangement has multiple flagella on one side?
Lophotrichous arrangement has multiple flagella on one side.
What is a key feature of amphitrichous flagella?
Amphitrichous flagella have one flagellum at each end.
What is the significance of the capsule's composition?
The composition affects its protective capabilities.
What is the role of the flagella in bacteria's survival?
Flagella enhance survival by enabling movement.
What is the structure of pili?
Pili are hair-like structures.
What is the relationship between viruses and pili?
Viruses may use pili as entry points into bacterial cells.
What is the overall function of the capsule?
The overall function of the capsule is to protect bacteria.
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